Risk factors associated with EDSS ≥2 at final follow-up
| Risk factor | Frequency of a residual deficit* at final follow-up | Univariable analysis | Multivariable logistic regression analysis | ||
| OR and 95% CI | P value | OR and 95% CI | P value | ||
| Older age of onset | Paediatric patients 12/33 (36%) Adult patients 13/26 (50%) | 1.75 (0.61 to 4.98) | 0.293 | 3.62 (0.85 to 15.45) | 0.083 |
| Female gender | Males 7/19 (37%) Females 18/40 (45%) | 1.40 (0.46 to 4.30) | 0.554 | 0.96 (0.26 to 3.54) | 0.946 |
| Any ON | Patient without ON 6/10 (60%) Patients with ON 19/49 (39%) | 0.42 (0.11 to 1.69) | 0.216 | 0.15 (0.03 to 0.85) | 0.032 |
| Any TM | Patients without TM 14/40 (35%) Patients with TM 11/19 (58%) | 2.55 (0.83 to 7.82) | 0.096 | 3.56 (0.87 to 14.46) | 0.077 |
| Delayed treatment | Patients with early treatment initiation 16/43 (37%) Patients with delayed treatment initiation 9/16 (56%) | 2.17 (0.68 to 6.96) | 0.188 | 2.28 (0.55 to 9.52) | 0.188 |
| Number of relapses | Patients with one relapse (two episodes in total) 5/20 (25%) Patients with ≥2 relapses (≥3 episodes in total) 20/39 (51%) | 3.16 (0.96 to 10.39) | 0.053 | 2.79 (0.72 to 10.92) | 0.140 |
*A ‘residual deficit at final follow-up’ was defined as an EDSS of ≥2 at latest clinical follow-up.
EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; ON, optic neuritis; TM, transverse myelitis.