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Clinical aspects of spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumors (pituitary apoplexy)

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Summary

Among 586 surgically treated tumors of the pituitary gland 72 cases (12.3%) of spontaneous necrosis of the tumor were found. However only in 10 cases (1.7%) were there clues of an additional rupture of the tumor with signs of meningeal reaction in the CSF. Cases with a relatively benign clinical course and signs of regression are more frequent than generally assumed. Spontaneous necrosis with and without rupture is much more frequent in endocrinologically inactive tumors (including prolactinomas) as opposed to STH- and ACTH-cell adenomas. Analyzing the patient material the clinical symptomatology and the differential diagnosis of spontaneous necrosis of the tumor with and without rupture are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Unter 586 operierten Hypophysentumoren fanden sich 72 Fälle (12,3%) mit den Zeichen einer spontanen Hypophysentumornekrose. Aber nur in 10 Fällen (1,7%) ergaben sich Hinweise auf eine zusätzliche Tumorruptur mit den Zeichen einer meningealen Reaktion im Liquor. Fälle mit relativ blander klinischer Symptomatik und Remissionstendenz sind häufiger als allgemein angenommen wird. Die spontane Tumornekrose mit und ohne Ruptur kommt bei den hormonal inaktiven Hypophysenadenomen (incl. Prolactinomen) im Gegensatz zu STH- und ACTH-Zelladenomen sehr viel häufiger vor. Anhand des Krankengutes werden die klinische Symptomatologie sowie die Differentialdiagnose der spontanen Hypophysentumornekrose mit und ohne Ruptur erörtert.

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Müller-Jensen, A., Lüdecke, D. Clinical aspects of spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumors (pituitary apoplexy). J Neurol 224, 267–271 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313290

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