ArticleEffects of galanin on passive avoidance response, elevated plus-maze learning, and spontaneous alternation performance in mice
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The role of cap-dependent translation in aged-related changes in neuroimmunity and affective behaviors
2021, Neurobiology of AgingCitation Excerpt :The animals were placed at the distal end of one of the 4 arms and allowed to explore the maze freely for 12 minutes while the number of arm entries, alternations, and total distance traveled were recorded. Rodents, being naturally curious, tend to explore novel arms of the maze thus having high alterations and arm entries (Ukai et al., 1995). We observed that aged WT mice had a significantly lower number of arm entries compared to the young WT animals, while aged mice with eIF4ES209A mutation had a similar number of arm entries as the young animals (Fig. 2A; F (1, 29) = 11.09, p 0.0024).
Effects of galanin subchronic treatment on memory and muscarinic receptors
2015, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :The effects of GAL on memory also depend on the dose and the brain area studied (Sundstrom et al., 1988; Malin et al., 1992; Robinson and Crawley, 1993; Ukai et al., 1995; Ögren et al., 1996, 1999; Schött et al., 2000; Kinney et al., 2002, 2003; Elvander et al., 2004). GAL at low doses enhances ACh release and improves cognition (Ögren et al., 1996; Elvander et al., 2004), whereas high–medium doses had no effect or induced cognitive deficits (Ukai et al., 1995; Ögren et al., 1996). Intriguingly, both GAL over-expression and GAL gene silencing in genetically modified mice produce cognitive deficits and a reduction of cholinergic markers in the basal forebrain (O’Meara et al., 2000; Steiner et al., 2001).
Galanin receptor subtype 2 (GalR2) null mutant mice display an anxiogenic-like phenotype specific to the elevated plus-maze
2007, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior