Novel MR contrasts to reveal more about the brain
Section snippets
Diffusion imaging
Diffusion is a random process that results from the thermal translational motion of molecules. In biologic systems, the diffusing medium is not of infinite extent, and molecular diffusion is restricted by intra- and extracellular boundaries. This raises the possibility that the measurement of water diffusion might provide a means of probing cellular integrity and pathology.
In routine MR imaging, diffusion effects contribute little to overall signal intensity, causing signal attenuation of no
Magnetization transfer imaging
The principal concept of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) involves the exchange of magnetization between three separate proton pools: (1) free protons in bulk water; (2) tightly bound protons on macromolecules; and (3) transiently bound hydration layer protons.
The protons that are tightly bound to macromolecules, because of their immobility, have a broad MR peak and a short T2. They are, therefore, invisible to conventional MR imaging. MTI offers an insight into this macromolecular
Summary
The advanced imaging techniques described in this article have only recently been applied to patients with focal epilepsy, and corroboratory evidence, particularly histopathologic data, is lacking. Preliminary work suggests that the interrogation of microstructural aspects of cerebral tissue, so far unexplored with conventional MR imaging, may prove beneficial. Based on the voxel-based studies of patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy, T2 mapping and DIR were the most sensitive of the
References (177)
- et al.
MRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and children with temporal lobe epilepsy: pathologic correlation and prognostic importance
Epilepsy Res
(1992) - et al.
Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo
J Magn Reson B
(1994) Pulsed NMR study of water mobility in muscle and brain tissue
Biochim Biophys Acta
(1971)- et al.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in kainic acid-induced complex partial status epilepticus in dogs
Brain Res
(2003) - et al.
Cerebral metabolic and circulatory changes in the rat during sustained seizures induced by DL-homocysteine
Brain Res
(1979) - et al.
Water diffusion in the human hippocampus in epilepsy
Magn Reson Imaging
(1999) - et al.
Diffusion tensor MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy
Magn Reson Imaging
(2002) - et al.
Reduced anisotropy of water diffusion in structural cerebral abnormalities demonstrated with diffusion tensor imaging
Magn Reson Imaging
(1999) - et al.
Blunt-head trauma associated with widespread water-diffusion changes
Lancet
(1999) - et al.
Voxel-by-voxel comparison of automatically segmented cerebral gray matter—a rater-independent comparison of structural MRI in patients with epilepsy
Neuroimage
(1999)
Diffusion tensor imaging in refractory epilepsy
Lancet
Diffusion changes in status epilepticus
Lancet
Magnetic resonance imaging shows orientation and asymmetry of white matter fiber tracts
Brain Res
Imaging the pyramidal tract in patients with brain tumors
Clin Neurol Neurosurg
From diffusion tractography to quantitative white matter tract measures: a reproducibility study
Neuroimage
DTI mapping of human brain connectivity: statistical fibre tracking and virtual dissection
Neuroimage
Virtual in vivo interactive dissection of white matter fasciculi in the human brain
Neuroimage
Combined functional MRI and tractography to demonstrate the connectivity of the human primary motor cortex in vivo
Neuroimage
Investigating cervical spinal cord structure using axial diffusion tensor imaging
Neuroimage
Initial demonstration of in vivo tracing of axonal projections in the macaque brain and comparison with the human brain using diffusion tensor imaging and fast marching tractography
Neuroimage
Diffusion imaging in brain tumors
Neuroimaging Clin N Am
Water diffusion changes in Wallerian degeneration and their dependence on white matter architecture
Neuroimage
Diffusion tractography based group mapping of major white-matter pathways in the human brain
Neuroimage
Spatial normalization and averaging of diffusion tensor MRI data sets
Neuroimage
Direct measurement of longitudinal relaxation and magnetization transfer in heterogeneous systems
J Magn Reson
Magnetisation transfer magnetic resonance imaging demonstration of perilesional gliosis–relation with epilepsy in treated or healed neurocysticercosis [letter]
Lancet
Imaging and epilepsy
Brain
Long-term seizure outcome in patients initially seizure-free after resective epilepsy surgery
Neurology
Echo-planar imaging of diffusion and perfusion
In vivo measurement of diffusion in the CNS using a flow compensated spin echo sequence [abstracts]
MR imaging of anisotropically restricted diffusion of water in the nervous system: technical, anatomic, and pathologic considerations
J Comput Assist Tomogr
Inferring microstructural features and the physiological state of tissues from diffusion-weighted images
NMR Biomed
Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy
Magn Reson Med
Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the human brain
Radiology
Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging
Radiology
The capillary network: a link between IVIM and classical perfusion
Magn Reson Med
Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves
Magn Reson Med
Changes in water diffusion and relaxation properties of rat cerebrum during status epilepticus
Magn Reson Med
Barbiturate-reversible reduction of water diffusion coefficient in flurothyl-induced status epilepticus in rats
Magn Reson Med
Diffusion-weighted NMR imaging changes caused by electrical activation of the brain
NMR Biomed
Reversible, reproducible reduction of brain water apparent diffusion coefficient by cortical electroshocks
Magn Reson Med
MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection of kainate-induced status epilepticus in the rat
Magn Reson Med
Postictal alteration of sodium content and apparent diffusion coefficient in epileptic rat brain induced by kainic acid
Epilepsia
Ionic changes and alterations in the size of the extracellular space during epileptic activity
Cerebral energy metabolism, pH, and blood flow during seizures in the cat
Am J Physiol
Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate early and late in prolonged epileptic seizures induced in rats by bicuculline
Brain
Glucose consumption in the cerebral cortex of rat during bicuculline-induced status epilipticus
J Neurochem
Cerebral metabolic and circulatory responses to induced convulsions in animals
Arch Neurol
Cerebral metabolic changes during prolonged epileptic seizures in rats
J Neurochem
Cellular and molecular basis of epilepsy
J Neurosci
Cited by (8)
Segmentation Tool for Extracting Gray and White Matter Regions in Brain MRI Images for Cognitive Diseases
2018, International Conference on "Computational Intelligence and Communication Technology", CICT 2018Automated segmentation of gray and white matter regions in brain MRI images for computer aided diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
2018, IMPACT 2017 - International Conference on Multimedia, Signal Processing and Communication TechnologiesStructural and functional neuroimaging in intractable epilepsy
2010, Neurology IndiaMagnetic resonance imaging: Current and emerging applications in the study of the central nervous system
2010, Journal of Postgraduate Medicine