The results of surgical intervention for chronic benign pain syndromes are generally poor. In this review, pertinent ablative and modulatory techniques are reviewed, with specific reference to their utility for benign pain syndromes. With the possible exception of facet rhizotomy, the ablative modalities have little role in the management of benign pain syndromes. The more extensive techniques of cordotomy, dorsal root entry zone lesioning, ganglionectomy, and rhizotomy, have erratic results and high rates of complication. No long-term studies exist to support the use of facet rhizotomy. It is minimally invasive, however, and has little morbidity. In patients with benign refractory posterior column pain, facet rhizotomy may be worth consideration. Modulatory devices may have a role in benign pain syndromes. While the use of indwelling epidural catheters remains investigational, dorsal column stimulation has been widely studied. In representative reports, significant pain relief has been observed in up to 60% of patients (mean follow-up of two years). In the carefully selected patient, this may represent a valuable therapeutic adjunct.