In this study we investigated the relationship between deep-seated lesions of the left hemisphere and the aphasic disturbances. Thirty-seven vascular patients with CT-scan, language and neuropsychological examination carried out between 15 and 60 days post-onset were studied. Presence and frequency of apraxic disorders and acalculia are also reported. A consistent relationship between the site of the lesion and the pattern of aphasic disturbances could not be established. The most striking finding was a dissociation between oral and written expression, the latter being disproportionately impaired in a number of subjects.