In two patients a peripheral neuropathy was the presenting symptom of a noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In the first patient, the neuropathy had a relapsing and remitting course, the symptoms improved under corticosteroid therapy. The second patient suffered from a relentless neuropathy. In both cases the lymphoma infiltrated the peroneal nerve with an angiocentric and perivascular pattern resembling that observed in central nervous system lymphomas. The characterization of T-cell subsets in the lymph node showed cells with the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype in the first case and a predominance of cells with the helper/inducer phenotype in the second case. In the nerve, lymphocytes beard the helper/inducer phenotype antigen. A typical paraneoplastic vasculitis of nerve showed clearly different immunologic features.