A group of 172 epileptic children who had had prior febrile convulsions was compared with a group of 674 who had not. Children with epilepsy and prior febrile convulsions were similar in some respects (sex ratio, positive family history for seizures) to children with pure febrile convulsions and in most respects (type of epilepsy, mental status, initial EEG, and two- and four-year remission rates in the long-term outcome) to epileptic children without prior febrile convulsions. Our data do not support the current view that febrile convulsions, per se, are the main cause of mesial temporal sclerosis, le, temporal lobe epilepsy. Thus, our clinical findings support previously expressed doubts on the role of febrile seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy that were based on pathohistologic findings.