The goals in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas have changed drastically over the past few decades, with preservation of useful hearing representing the newest challenge. The true incidence of preserved useful hearing, however, has become clouded by a lack of uniformity in reporting results. The authors have analyzed 56 consecutive cases, in which directed attempts were made to preserve hearing on the involved side, to understand what factors play a major role in postoperative hearing preservation. Of the 56 cases reviewed, there were 46 patients who had "good" preoperative hearing (pure tone average < 50 dB; speech discrimination score > 50%). We found that, in this group of patients, if the tumor was less than 2 cm in diameter from pons to petrous, there was a 52% (16 of 31 patients) chance of preserving good hearing and if the tumor was 1 cm or less, the chances increased to 83%. Factors such as preoperative hearing status, tumor size and location, tumor consistency, and preoperative and intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potentials are discussed in detail as they relate to postoperative outcome.