This review summarises the present evidence for the contribution of the cerebellum to cognition. While a data base from both animal and human clinical research supports the hypothesis of an important cerebellar role in motor adaptation, motor learning and timing, the evidence for the implication of the cerebellum in psychopathology and non-motor cognitive functions is incomplete and does not allow unequivocal conclusions. Methodological shortcomings and the lack of theoretical models on the nature of the cerebellar contribution to cognition limit the interpretation of the empirical studies available so far.