When evaluating patients with epilepsy, the integration of data from different modalities is the key to understanding the localisation of onset of seizures, the epilepsy syndrome, and the aetiology. This process is particularly important when patients have refractory partial seizures and neurosurgical treatment is an option; the best results from surgery being obtained when the operative procedure removes the area of brain that gives rise to the seizures but is confined to cerebral tissue, the loss of which does not give rise to significant cognitive or neurological disturbance, with the remaining brain functioning normally. …