Article Text
PDFNeuroscience for neurologists
Cerebral perfusion and stroke
Abstract
Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by multiple disease mechanisms, but all result in a disruption of cerebral blood flow with subsequent tissue damage. This review covers the mechanisms responsible for regulation of the normal cerebral circulation, and how they are disrupted in disease states. A central concept in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke is the existence of an ischaemic penumbra of potentially salvageable tissue, and the evidence for its existence in humans is reviewed.
- stroke
- cerebrovascular disease
- cerebral blood flow
- ischaemic penumbra
- cerebral circulation
- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CBV, cerebral blood volume
- CMRo2, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
- CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure
- CVR, cerebrovascular resistance
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- IMP, inosine 5′-monophosphate
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- MTT, mean transit time
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- OEF, oxygen extraction fraction
- PET, positron emission tomography
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- 99mTcHMPAO, technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime
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- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CBV, cerebral blood volume
- CMRo2, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
- CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure
- CVR, cerebrovascular resistance
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- IMP, inosine 5′-monophosphate
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- MTT, mean transit time
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- OEF, oxygen extraction fraction
- PET, positron emission tomography
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- 99mTcHMPAO, technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime
Footnotes
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Competing interests: none declared