Robert Bárány was educated at the University of Vienna, graduating in medicine in 1900. In 1903, he accepted an appointment at the University of Vienna otology clinic working in the department of Adam Politzer, who had established the speciality in Austria. Here he began his studies exploring the equilibrium system of the ear and the brain. Among his contributions was a test, now called the Bárány test, for diagnosing diseases of the semicircular canals of the inner ear by syringing the ear with either hot or cold water. He noted nystagmus when the …