Aims Pituitary dysfunction is a recognised important complication after TBI. Arguably, early identification/management can alter outcome. Our aim is to present important research findings in this area.

Methods A literature search utilising Medline, Embase & Psychinfo (1950 to date) was undertaken. Key words used were; “Pituitary Dysfunction” and “Traumatic Brain Injury”. References were further scanned for relevant studies.

Results The prevalence of pituitary dysfunction in the acute phase of TBI is high. While many of the early abnormalities are transient, they persist in upto 25% of patients. Impaired quality of life, depression and cognitive dysfunction can all be consequences. Growth hormone replacement can partially reverse some of the cognitive impairments.

Conclusions Screening for pituitary dysfunction after ABI will require collaboration and joint protocols between local endocrinology departments and clinicians treating these patients. There is a need to identify a high risk group where routine screening will be justifiable from the clinical and cost effective viewpoints.