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  • Injury of the ascending reticular activating system by transtentorial herniation in a patient with intracerebral haemorrhage: a diffusion tensor tractography study

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Injury of the ascending reticular activating system by transtentorial herniation in a patient with intracerebral haemorrhage: a diffusion tensor tractography study
  1. Sung Ho Jang1,
  2. Hyoung Won Lim2,
  3. Sang Seok Yeo2
  1. 1 Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
  2. 2 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
  1. Correspondence to Professor Sang Seok Yeo, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; eangbul{at}hanmail.net

https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309482

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    Introduction

    Transtentorial herniation (TTH) is defined as the downward displacement of medial brain structures through the tentorial notch due to increased intracranial pressure after brain injury.1 Impaired consciousness, induced by compression of the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS) in the brainstem, is a common clinical manifestation of TTH.1 Recently, diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has enabled three-dimensional reconstruction and estimation of the lower portion of the ARAS in normal participants.2 ,3 However, little is known about injury of the ARAS by TTH following brain injury.

    In the current study, using DTT, we report on a patient with injury in the lower portion of the ARAS due to TTH following an intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).

    Case report

    A 73-year-old female patient was coma mental state when she arrived in the emergency room of a university hospital. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 5/15 (eye opening 1, best verbal response 1 and best motor response 3). She was diagnosed with spontaneous ICH in the right frontotemporal lobe. Brain CT at the onset of ICH showed a right-to-left midline shift with TTH due to the large haematoma in the right frontotemporal lobes (figure 1A). Brain MRI taken at 1 month after onset showed that the haematoma had resolved and no significant injury was observed in the brainstem, except for both cerebral peduncles (figure 1A). However, …

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors SHJ and SSY conceived the project. SSY and HWL performed experiments and data analysis. SHJ and SSY wrote the paper.

    • Funding This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012R1A1A4A01001873).

    • Competing interests None.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Ethics approval Institutional Review Board in Yeungnam University Medical Center.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.