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Can cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sphingomyelin be used as a biomarker of demyelination in daily clinical management of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?
GBS and CIDP are immune-mediated diseases in the peripheral nervous system. Diagnosis of GBS and CIDP is usually made based on the clinical course, signs and symptoms, electrophysiological examination such as nerve conduction study and CSF examination. In addition, some biomarkers are useful to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the clinical subtype. IgG antiganglioside antibodies are known to be closely related with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) type of GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome.1 IgG antibodies to such paranodal protein as neurofascin 155 were reported as biomarkers specific to a subtype of CIDP with unique clinical features.2 In contrast, as for biomarkers of the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy …
Footnotes
Contributors SK wrote the first draft and edited it by himself.
Funding This work was supported in part by the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (20FC1030).
Competing interests SK reports grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan during the conduct of the study; grants from Teijin, grants from Japan Blood Product Organization; grants from Nihon Pharmaceutical; personal fees from Teijin, Japan Blood Product Organization, Nihon Pharmaceutical and CSL Behring, outside the submitted work.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.