Article Text
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rate after COVID-19 may be influenced by disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO-SD).
Objective To investigate the seroprevalence and the quantity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of patients with MS or NMO-SD.
Methods Blood samples were collected in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 19 February 2020 and 26 February 2021. SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rates and Ig levels (anti-S IgG titre, anti-S IgA index, anti-N IgG index) were compared between DMTs groups. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the influence of DMTs and other confounding variables on SARS-CoV-2 serological outcomes.
Results 119 patients (115 MS, 4 NMO, mean age: 43.0 years) were analysed. Overall, seroconversion rate was 80.6% within 5.0 (SD 3.4) months after infection. 20/21 (95.2%) patients without DMT and 66/77 (85.7%) patients on DMTs other than anti-CD20 had at least one SARS-CoV-2 Ig positivity, while this rate decreased to only 10/21 (47.6%) for patients on anti-CD20 (p<0.001). Being on anti-CD20 was associated with a decreased odd of positive serology (OR, 0.07 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.69), p=0.02) independently from time to COVID-19, total IgG level, age, sex and COVID-19 severity. Time between last anti-CD20 infusion and COVID-19 was longer (mean (SD), 3.7 (2.0) months) in seropositive patients compared with seronegative patients (mean (SD), 1.9 (1.5) months, p=0.04).
Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was decreased in patients with MS or NMO-SD treated with anti-CD20 therapies. Monitoring long-term risk of reinfection and specific vaccination strategies in this population may be warranted.
Trial registration number NCT04568707.
- multiple sclerosis
- COVID-19
Data availability statement
Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Deidentified participant data may be obtained during 15 years from our institution Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and are not publicly available.
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Data availability statement
Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Deidentified participant data may be obtained during 15 years from our institution Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and are not publicly available.
Footnotes
Twitter @clouapre
J-CC and VP contributed equally.
Collaborators COVISEP and Bio-coco-neuroscience study group: Salimata Gassama, Sara Sambin, Cécile Delorme, Edouard Januel, Thomas Roux, Raphael De Paz, Ysoline Beigneux, Vito Ricigliano, Rabab Debs, Abir Wahab, Jennifer Aboab, Maya Tchikviladze, Yanica Mathieu, Amandine Bordet, Amandine Hippolyte, Aurélie Fekete, Sandrine Sagnes, Sylvie Forlani.
Contributors CL had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: CL, A-GM, JCC, VP, CLu. Acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data: all authors. Drafting of the manuscript: CL, MI, A-GM, JCC, VP. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors. Statistical analysis: CL. JCC and VP have contributed equally to this manuscript.
Funding The Cohort COVID-19 Neurosciences (CoCo Neurosciences) was funded by the generous support of the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) Foundation, the Fondation de France Grant N°00113315, and donors of Paris Brain Institute—ICM.
Competing interests Dr Louapre has received consulting or travel fees from Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva and Merck Serono, and research grant from Biogen, none related to the present work. Dr Ibrahim has no disclosure. Dr Maillart has received consulting and lecturing fees, travel grants, from Ad Scientiam, Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Merck Serono, Roche, Sanofi and Teva Pharma and research support from Biogen, Novartis and Roche, none related to the present work. Dr Abdi has no disclosure. Dr Papeix has received consulting or lecture fees from Alexion, Biogen, Medday, Merck, Roche, Novartis and Sanofi, none related to the present work. Professor Stankoff has received fees for advisory boards and lectures from Genzyme, Novartis, Teva and Biogen, and research support from Roche, Genzyme and Merck-Serono none related to the present work. Dr Dubessy has received consulting fees from Merck. Dr Bensa has received consulting or travel fees from Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva and Merck Serono, none related to the present work. Professor Creange has received grants and nonfinancial support from Medday, personal fees from Medday, personal fees from Merck, grants from Octapharma, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from Roche, and grants and personal fees from Biogen, none related to the present work. Dr Chamekh has no disclosure. Professor Lubetzki has received grants and personal fees from Biogen, personal fees from Merck-Serono, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Rewind, personal fees from Ipsen, none related to the present work. Professor Marcelin has received consulting fees and grants from VIIV Healthcare, Gilead and Merck, none related to the present work. Professor Corvol has served in advisory boards for Air Liquide, Biogen, Biophytis, Denali, Ever Pharma, Idorsia, Prevail Therapeutic, Theranexus, UCB, and received grants from Sanofi and the Michael J Fox Foundation, none related to the present work. Professor Pourcher has received consulting fees from Biogen, Novartis, Roche and Merck Serono none related to the present work.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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