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Neurodegeneration
Original research
Different CSF protein profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion
  1. Peggy Barschke1,
  2. Patrick Öckl1,
  3. Petra Steinacker1,
  4. MHD Rami Al Shweiki1,
  5. Jochen H Weishaupt1,
  6. G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer1,
  7. Sarah Anderl-Straub1,
  8. Patrick Weydt2,
  9. Janine Diehl-Schmid3,
  10. Adrian Danek4,
  11. Johannes Kornhuber5,
  12. Matthias L Schroeter6,7,
  13. Johannes Prudlo8,
  14. Holger Jahn9,
  15. Klaus Fassbender10,
  16. Martin Lauer11,
  17. Emma Louise van der Ende12,
  18. John Cornelis van Swieten12,
  19. Alexander E Volk13,
  20. Albert C Ludolph1,
  21. Markus Otto1
  22. the German FTLD consortium
    1. 1Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
    2. 2Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
    3. 3Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
    4. 4Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
    5. 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
    6. 6Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
    7. 7Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
    8. 8Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
    9. 9Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
    10. 10Department of Neurology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
    11. 11Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
    12. 12Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    13. 13Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
    1. Correspondence to Professor Markus Otto, Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany; markus.otto{at}uni-ulm.de

    Abstract

    Objectives The hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (C9-FTD). Until now, it is unknown which factors define whether C9orf72 mutation carriers develop ALS or FTD. Our aim was to identify protein biomarker candidates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which differentiate between C9-ALS and C9-FTD and might be indicative for the outcome of the mutation.

    Methods We compared the CSF proteome of 16 C9-ALS and 8 C9-FTD patients and 11 asymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (CAR) by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Eleven biomarker candidates were selected from the pool of differentially regulated proteins for further validation by multiple reaction monitoring and single-molecule array in a larger cohort (n=156).

    Results In total, 2095 CSF proteins were identified and 236 proteins were significantly different in C9-ALS versus C9-FTD including neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) and chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1). Eight candidates were successfully validated including significantly increased ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1) levels in C9-ALS compared with C9-FTD and controls and decreased neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) levels in C9-FTD versus CAR.

    Conclusions This study presents a deep proteomic CSF analysis of C9-ALS versus C9-FTD patients. As a proof of concept, we observed higher NEFM and CHIT1 CSF levels in C9-ALS. In addition, we also show clear upregulation of UCHL1 in C9-ALS and downregulation of NPTXR in C9-FTD. Significant differences in UCHL1 CSF levels may explain diverging ubiquitination and autophagy processes and NPTXR levels might reflect different synapses organisation processes.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-322476

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      Footnotes

      • Collaborators FTLD consortium: Ingo Uttner, PhD; Christine AF von Arnim, MD; Klaus Fliessbach, MD; Hans Foerstl, MD; Timo Grimmer, MD; Jan Kassubek, MD; Juan M Maler, MD; Anja Schneider, MD; Jens Wiltfang, MD.

      • Contributors Concept and design: PB, PO, PS, MHDRAS, MO; Statistical analysis: PB; Drafting of the manuscript: PB, PO, MO; Obtained funding: JD-S, AD, JK, MLS, JP, HJ, KF, ML, JCvS, AEV, ACL, MO; Supervision: MO; Methodology: PB, PO, and MHDRAS; Acquisition, analysis, and/or interpretation of the data: PB, PO, PS, MHDRAS, MO; Patient recruitment: JHW, BL, SA-S, PW, JD-S, AD, JK, MLS, JP, HJ, KF, ML, ELvdE, JCvS, ACL, MO; All authors participated in the critical review of the manuscript and approved the submitted version.

      • Funding The study was supported by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project: FTLDc 01GI1007A), the EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) network, PreFrontAls (01ED1512), the Foundation of the State of Baden-Wurttemberg (D.3830), the Thierry Latran Foundation, BIU (D.5009), the German Research Foundation/DFG (SFB1279 and VO2028/1-1) and the Medical Faculty of Ulm University (Bausteinprogramm LSBN.0123), in the Netherlands by two Memorabel grants from Deltaplan Dementie (The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development and Alzheimer Nederland; grant numbers 733050813 and 733050103), the Dioraphte foundation (grant number 14021300) the Bluefield Project and the European JPND and the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (PreFrontALS: 733051042, RiMod-FTD: 733051024).

      • Competing interests None declared.

      • Patient consent for publication Not required.

      • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

      • Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. Raw data will be available on request.