Footnotes

• Contributors SMa: sample collection, data generation and interpretation, design and conceptualisation of the study, and drafting the manuscript. AS: design and conceptualisation of the study, sample and clinical data collection, data generation and interpretation, and statistical analysis. KD, PM, DG, EC, SR, DM, GM, LG, EP and PZ: sample and clinical data collection. SB, SC and CZ: clinical data collection, data generation and interpretation. SZ, DA and FP: analysis and interpretation of NfL results. SMo: design and conceptualisation of the study, revising the manuscript for intellectual content. ET: design and conceptualisation of the study, data generation and interpretation, statistical analysis and revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. SF: sample collection, design and conceptualisation of the study, data generation and interpretation, and revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

• Funding The study was partially supported by grant ENACT from the Cariverona Foundation, Italy.

• Disclaimer All authors had full access to all data in the study. The corresponding authors had the final responsibility for content and the decision to submit for publication.

• Competing interests AS, KD, SZ, SB, SC, CZ, DA, PM, DG, EC, SR, DM, GM, LG, EP, PZ, SMo and ET report no disclosures. SMa received support for attending scientific meetings by Merck and Euroimmun and received speaker honoraria from Biogen. FP is an employee of the Quanterix Corporation. The other authors report no competing interests. SF received support for attending scientific meetings by Shire, Sanofi Genzyme and Euroimmun.

• Patient consent for publication Not required.

• Ethics approval Consent to participate was obtained from included patients and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Verona University Hospital (prog. 2617CESC Verona-Rovigo).

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.