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Abstract
Background The Greater Hobart region (42.5°S) of Tasmania has consistently had the highest recorded prevalence and incidence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Australia. We reassessed MS epidemiology in 2009–2019 and assessed longitudinal changes over 68 years.
Methods Cases recruited from clinic-based datasets and multiple other data sources. 2019 prevalence and 2009–2019 annual incidence and mortality rates estimated, and differences assessed using Poisson regression.
Results 436 MS cases resident on prevalence day were identified, and 130 had symptom onset within 2009–2019. Prevalence 197.1/100 000 (95% CI 179.4 to 216.5; 147.2/100 000 age standardised, 95% CI 126.5 to 171.3), a 36% increase since 2001 and 3.1-fold increase since 1961. 2009–2019 incidence rate=5.9/100 000 person-years, 95% CI 5.0 to 7.0 (6.1/1000 000 age standardised, 95% CI 4.7 to 7.9), a 2.8-fold increase since 1951–1961 and 65% since 2001–2009. 2009–2019 mortality rate=1.5/100 000 person-years, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2 (0.9/100 000 age standardised, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.7), comparable to 2001–2009 (1.0/100 000) but reduced by 61% from 1951 to 1959 (2.1/100 000). 2001–2009 standardised mortality ratio=1.0 in 2009–2019, decreased from 2.0 in 1971–1979. Female:male prevalence sex ratio was 2.8, comparable to the 2009 value (2.6); incidence sex ratio (2.9) increased from 2001 to 9 (2.1). Comparisons with Newcastle, Australia (latitude=32.5°S) demonstrate a near complete abrogation of the latitudinal gradients for prevalence (ratio=1.0) and incidence (ratio=1.1), largely attributable to changing Hobart demography.
Conclusions Prevalence and incidence of MS continue to increase significantly in Hobart, alongside marked reductions in mortality and increased case longevity. The marked increase in incidence is of particular note and may reflect longstanding changes in MS risk behaviours including changing sun exposure, obesity rates, and smoking behaviours, particularly in females. Falling mortality contributes to increase longevity and prevalence, likely reflecting improved overall MS healthcare and implementation of disease-modifying therapy.
- MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
Data availability statement
Data are available on reasonable request.
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Data availability statement
Data are available on reasonable request.
Footnotes
Contributors SS-Y: data management, statistical analysis, manuscript drafting; RA: collected data, data management, critical review; LB: statistical guidance, critical review; IvdM: critical review; BVT: project conception, critical review; All authors have reviewed the article and approve it for submission. BVT accepts full responsibility for the work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish.
Funding The Multiple Sclerosis Research Flagship is supported by a grant from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund: Emerging Priorities and Consumer Driven Research.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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