@article {Crawford1, author = {P M Crawford and C R West and D W Chadwick and M D Shaw}, title = {Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: natural history in unoperated patients.}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {1--10}, year = {1986}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp.49.1.1}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Two-hundred and seventeen patients from a total population of 343 patients with arteriovenous malformations, were managed without surgery. Follow up was for a mean of 10.4 years. Using life survival analyses, there was a 42\% risk of haemorrhage, 29\% risk of death, 18\% risk of epilepsy and a 27\% risk of having a neurological handicap by 20 years after diagnosis in unoperated patients.}, issn = {0022-3050}, URL = {https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/49/1/1}, eprint = {https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/49/1/1.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry} }