PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - R Ferrari
AU  - H Schrader
TI  - The late whiplash syndrome: a biopsychosocial approach
AID  - 10.1136/jnnp.70.6.722
DP  - 2001 Jun 01
TA  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
PG  - 722--726
VI  - 70
IP  - 6
4099  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/70/6/722.short
4100  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/70/6/722.full
SO  - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2001 Jun 01; 70
AB  - Physicians and other therapists continue to grapple in daily practice with the controversies of the late whiplash syndrome. For decades much of the debate and the approach to this controversial syndrome has centred on the natural history of and progression to chronic pain after acute whiplash injury. Recognising that there is recent epidemiological data that defines the natural history of the acute whiplash injury outside of many of the confounding factors occurring in many western countries, and the lack of evidence for a “chronic whiplash injury”, this article will thus introduce the biopsychosocial model, its elements, its advantages over the traditional model, and the practical application of this model. The biopsychosocial model recognises physical and psychological souces of somatic symptoms, but fundamentally recognises that the late whiplash syndrome is not the result of a “chronic injury”.