PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Geroldi, C
AU  - Rossi, R
AU  - Calvagna, C
AU  - Testa, C
AU  - Bresciani, L
AU  - Binetti, G
AU  - Zanetti, O
AU  - Frisoni, G B
TI  - Medial temporal atrophy but not memory deficit predicts progression to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment
AID  - 10.1136/jnnp.2005.082651
DP  - 2006 Nov 01
TA  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
PG  - 1219--1222
VI  - 77
IP  - 11
4099  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/77/11/1219.short
4100  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/77/11/1219.full
SO  - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2006 Nov 01; 77
AB  - Background: The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is clinically unhelpful, as many patients with MCI develop dementia but many do not. Objective: To identify clinical instruments easily applicable in the clinical routine that might be useful to predict progression to dementia in patients with MCI assessed in the outpatient facility of a memory clinic. Participants and methods: 52 dementia-free patients (mean (standard deviation) age 70 (6) years; 56% women) with MCI, and 65 healthy controls (age 69 (6) years; 54% women) underwent brain magnetic resonance scan with standardised visual assessment of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and subcortical cerebrovascular lesions (SVLs). Follow-up assessment occurred 15.4 (SD 3.4) months after baseline to detect incident dementia and improvement, defined as normal neuropsychological performance on follow-up. Results: Patients were classified into three groups according to the presence of memory disturbance only (MCI Mem), other neuropsychological deficits (MCI Oth) or both (MCI Mem+). MCI Mem and Mem+ showed MTA more frequently (31% and 47% v 5% and 14% of controls and MCI Oth, p<0.001). 11 patients developed dementia (annual rate 16.5%) and 7 improved on follow-up. The only independent predictor of progression was MTA (odds ratio (OR) 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 to 35.0), whereas predictors of improvement were the absence of memory impairment (OR 18.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 171.3) and normal MRI scan (OR 10.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 60.2). Conclusion: Neuropsychological patterns identify groups of patients with MCI showing specific clinical features and risk of progression to dementia. MTA clinically rated with a visual scale is the most relevant predictor of progression and improvement.