PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - J Morrow AU - A Russell AU - E Guthrie AU - L Parsons AU - I Robertson AU - R Waddell AU - B Irwin AU - R C McGivern AU - P J Morrison AU - J Craig TI - Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register AID - 10.1136/jnnp.2005.074203 DP - 2006 Feb 01 TA - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry PG - 193--198 VI - 77 IP - 2 4099 - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/77/2/193.short 4100 - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/77/2/193.full SO - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2006 Feb 01; 77 AB - Objective: To assess the relative risk of major congenital malformation (MCM) from in utero exposure to antiepileptic drug (AEDs). Methods: Prospective data collected by the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register were analysed. The presence of MCMs recorded within the first three months of life was the main outcome measure. Results: Full outcome data were collected on 3607 cases. The overall MCM rate for all AED exposed cases was 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.6% to 5.0%). The MCM rate was higher for polytherapy (6.0%) (n = 770) than for monotherapy (3.7%) (n = 2598) (crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.63 (p = 0.010), adjusted OR = 1.83 (p = 0.002)). The MCM rate for women with epilepsy who had not taken AEDs during pregnancy (n = 239) was 3.5% (1.8% to 6.8%). The MCM rate was greater for pregnancies exposed only to valproate (6.2% (95% CI, 4.6% to 8.2%) than only to carbamazepine (2.2% (1.4% to 3.4%) (OR = 2.78 (p<0.001); adjusted OR = 2.97 (p<0.001)). There were fewer MCMs for pregnancies exposed only to lamotrigine than only to valproate. A positive dose response for MCMs was found for lamotrigine (p = 0.006). Polytherapy combinations containing valproate carried a higher risk of MCM than combinations not containing valproate (OR = 2.49 (1.31 to 4.70)). Conclusions: Only 4.2% of live births to women with epilepsy had an MCM. The MCM rate for polytherapy exposure was greater than for monotherapy exposure. Polytherapy regimens containing valproate had significantly more MCMs than those not containing valproate. For monotherapy exposures, carbamazepine was associated with the lowest risk of MCM.