@article {Fridman423, author = {Esteban A Fridman and Marcos Crespo and Santiago Gomez Arg{\"u}ello and Lorena Degue and Mirta Villarreal and Stephan Bohlhalter and Lewis Wheaton and Mark Hallett}, title = {Kinematic improvement following Botulinum Toxin-A injection in upper-limb spasticity due to stroke}, volume = {81}, number = {4}, pages = {423--427}, year = {2010}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2009.188052}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Background Focal spasticity is a significant motor disorder following stroke, and Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BoNT-A) is a useful treatment for this. The authors evaluated kinematic modifications induced by spasticity, and whether or not there is any improvement following injection of BoNT-A.Methods Eight patients with stroke with upper-limb spasticity, showing a flexor pattern, were evaluated using kinematics before and after focal treatment with BoNT-A. A group of sex- and age-matched normal volunteers acted as a control group.Results Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that patients with stroke performed more slowly than the control group. Following treatment with BoNT-A, there was a significant improvement in kinematics in patients with stroke, while in the control group, performance remained unchanged.Conclusions Focal treatment of spasticity with BoNT-A leads to an adaptive change in the upper limb of patients with spastic stroke.}, issn = {0022-3050}, URL = {https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/81/4/423}, eprint = {https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/81/4/423.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry} }