RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch contribute to symptomatic multiple brain infarction
JF Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
JO J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP 1306
OP 1311
DO 10.1136/jnnp.2009.198606
VO 81
IS 12
A1 Sohei Yoshimura
A1 Kazunori Toyoda
A1 Takahiro Kuwashiro
A1 Masatoshi Koga
A1 Ryoichi Otsubo
A1 Kuni Konaka
A1 Masaki Naganuma
A1 Hideki Matsuoka
A1 Hiroaki Naritomi
A1 Kazuo Minematsu
YR 2010
UL http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/81/12/1306.abstract
AB Background The configuration of aortic plaque appears to be as important as its thickness when it acts as an embolic source to the brain. The frequency and clinical predictors of ulcerated plaque at the aortic arch identified using transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in patients with stroke were determined, and the association between the ulcer and recent ischaemic stroke, particularly multiple brain infarcts, which appear to indicate embolic stroke, was examined.Methods Aortic and cardiac embolic sources were evaluated using TOE in 360 patients with fresh ischaemic stroke proven by diffusion-weighted MRI, including 210 patients with a single infarct and 150 with multiple infarcts, as well as in 101 non-stroke control patients. An ulcer was defined as a crater on the plaque ≥2.0 mm in depth and width.Results An ulcerated plaque was identified in 10.6% of patients with stroke versus 2.0% of non-stroke patients, showing a 5.11-fold higher frequency in patients with stroke (95% CI 1.51 to 31.96) after adjustment for age and sex. After multivariate adjustment for clinical and ultrasonographic features, multiple-infarct patients had a 7.61-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.99 to 50.43) of having an ulcer than control patients and a 3.32-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.61 to 7.18) of having an ulcer than single-infarct patients. Diabetes mellitus and drinking habit were independently related to the presence of ulcerated plaque in patients with stroke.Conclusions Ulcerated plaque in the aortic arch was associated with the development of ischaemic stroke, especially multiple brain infarcts, probably involving, at least in part, an embolic mechanism.