PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - James D Triplett
AU  - Katherine A Buzzard
AU  - Michal Lubomski
AU  - D Sean Riminton
AU  - Michael H Barnett
AU  - Miriam S Welgampola
AU  - G Michael Halmagyi
AU  - MaiAnh Nguyen
AU  - Klara Landau
AU  - Andrew G Lee
AU  - Gordon T Plant
AU  - Clare L Fraser
AU  - Stephen W Reddel
AU  - Todd A Hardy
TI  - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye and ear (BEE syndromes)
AID  - 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319002
DP  - 2019 Mar 09
TA  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
PG  - jnnp-2018-319002
4099  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/08/jnnp-2018-319002.short
4100  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/08/jnnp-2018-319002.full
AB  - The triad of central nervous system symptoms, visual disturbance and hearing impairment is an oft-encountered clinical scenario. A number of immune-mediated diseases should be considered among the differential diagnoses including: Susac syndrome, Cogan syndrome or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease; demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome or Behcet disease and granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis. In this article, we coin the term ‘BEE syndromes’ to draw attention to the various immune-mediated diseases that affect the brain, eye and ear. We present common disease manifestations and identify key clinical and investigation features.