PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Susannah Pick
AU  - David G Anderson
AU  - Ali A Asadi-Pooya
AU  - Selma Aybek
AU  - Gaston Baslet
AU  - Bastiaan R Bloem
AU  - Abigail Bradley-Westguard
AU  - Richard J Brown
AU  - Alan J Carson
AU  - Trudie Chalder
AU  - Maria Damianova
AU  - Anthony S David
AU  - Mark J Edwards
AU  - Steven A Epstein
AU  - Alberto J Espay
AU  - Béatrice Garcin
AU  - Laura H Goldstein
AU  - Mark Hallett
AU  - Joseph Jankovic
AU  - Eileen M Joyce
AU  - Richard A Kanaan
AU  - Roxanne C Keynejad
AU  - Kasia Kozlowska
AU  - Kathrin LaFaver
AU  - W Curt LaFrance, Jr.
AU  - Anthony E Lang
AU  - Alex Lehn
AU  - Sarah Lidstone
AU  - Carine W Maurer
AU  - Bridget Mildon
AU  - Francesca Morgante
AU  - Lorna Myers
AU  - Clare Nicholson
AU  - Glenn Nielsen
AU  - David L Perez
AU  - Stoyan Popkirov
AU  - Markus Reuber
AU  - Karen S Rommelfanger
AU  - Petra Schwingenshuh
AU  - Tereza Serranova
AU  - Paul Shotbolt
AU  - Glenn T Stebbins
AU  - Jon Stone
AU  - Marina AJ Tijssen
AU  - Michele Tinazzi
AU  - Timothy R Nicholson
TI  - Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and recommendations
AID  - 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322180
DP  - 2020 Jun 01
TA  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
PG  - 638--649
VI  - 91
IP  - 6
4099  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/91/6/638.short
4100  - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/91/6/638.full
SO  - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2020 Jun 01; 91
AB  - Objectives We aimed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder (FND), to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes.Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify existing FND-specific outcome measures and the most common measurement domains and measures in previous treatment studies. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were conducted between January 1965 and June 2019. The findings were discussed during two international meetings of the FND-Core Outcome Measures group.Results Five FND-specific measures were identified—three clinician-rated and two patient-rated—but their measurement properties have not been rigorously evaluated. No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults. Across randomised controlled trials (k=40) and observational treatment studies (k=40), outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change. Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms, life impact (ie, quality of life, disability and general functioning) and health economics/cost–utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years).Conclusions There are few well-validated FND-specific outcome measures. Thus, at present, we recommend that existing outcome measures, known to be reliable, valid and responsive in FND or closely related populations, are used to capture key outcome domains. Increased consistency in outcome measurement will facilitate comparison of treatment effects across FND symptom types and treatment modalities. Future work needs to more rigorously validate outcome measures used in this population.