Table 1

Association between originally defined risk factors and risk of recurrence after a first seizure: univariate analysis with Cox’s proportional hazards regression model

Risk factors	Rate ratio	95% CI	p Value
Age at intake (n=156)	1.02	0.97–1.08	0.43
Patient delay (n=156)	0.99	0.97–1.00	0.06
Sex:
Male (n=70)	1.00^†
Female (n=86)	0.73	0.48–1.12	0.15
Seizure type (description only):			0.95
Tonic clonic (n=142)	1.00^†
Complex partial (n=8)	0.99	0.36–2.72	0.99
Simple partial (n=6)	1.18	0.43–3.23	0.75
Seizure type (description and EEG combined):			0.19
Generalised (n=84)	1.00^†
Partial (n=63)	1.50	0.97–2.33	0.07
Undefined (n=9)	1.35	0.53–3.41	0.53
Aetiology:
Idiopathic/cryptogenic (n=129)	1.00^†
Remote symptomatic (n=27)	2.25	1.37–3.70	0.001^1-150
EEG1:			0.0003^1-150
Normal (n=57)	1.00^†
Epileptiform (n=68)	2.45	1.49–4.03	0.0004^1-150
Other abnormalities (n=31)	1.02	0.52–2.02	0.94
EEG2:			0.05^1-150
Normal (n=39)	1.00^†
Epileptiform (n=20)	1.05	0.44–2.51	0.91
Other abnormalities (n=13)	2.70	1.16–6.28	0.02^1-150
EEG1 and EEG2 combined:			0.02^1-150
Normal (n=43)	1.00^†
Epileptiform (n=88)	2.04	1.18–3.52	0.01^1-150
Other abnormalities (n=25)	1.18	0.55–2.53	0.66
CT-brain:			0.03^1-150
Normal (n=100)	1.00^†
Abnormal (n=12)	1.96	1.00–3.87	0.05^1-150
Not done (n=44)	0.69	0.41–1.17	0.17
Family history for epilepsy:
Negative (n=141)	1.00^†
Positive (n=15)	0.77	0.35–1.66	0.50
History of febrile convulsions:
Negative (n=139)	1.00^†
Positive (n=17)	0.82	0.40–1.70	0.59
State of arousal:			0.34
Awake (n=100)	1.00^†
Sleep (=42)	0.73	0.44–1.22	0.23
On awakening (n=9)	1.04	0.42–2.59	0.94
Unknown (n=5)	1.87	0.67–5.17	0.23

↵1-150 Statistically significant. ^†Reference category.