Speed of positional change |
---|
Time of day (worse in the morning) |
Prolonged recumbency |
Warm environment (hot weather, central heating, hot bath) |
Raising intrathoracic pressure: micturition, defaecation or coughing |
Food and alcohol ingestion |
Physical exertion |
Manoeuvres and positions (bending forward, abdominal compression, leg crossing, squatting, activating calf muscle pump)2-150 |
Drugs with vasoactive properties (including dopaminergic agents) |
↵2-150 These manoeuvres usually reduce the postural fall in blood pressure, unlike the others.