Outline classification and examples of disorders in which postural hypotension results from neurogenic failure.
| Primary |
|---|
| Acute/subacute dysautonomias |
| Pure pandysautonomia |
| Pandysautonomia with neurological features |
| Chronic autonomic failure syndromes |
| Pure autonomic failure |
| Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome) |
| Parkinson’s disease with autonomic failure |
| Secondary |
| Congenital |
| Nerve growth factor deficiency |
| Hereditary |
| Autosomal dominant trait |
| Familial amyloid neuropathy |
| Autosomal recessive trait |
| Familial dysautonomia: Riley-Day syndrome |
| Dopamineβhydroxylase deficiency |
| Metabolic |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Chronic renal failure |
| Inflammatory |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome |
| Transverse myelitis |
| Infections |
| Bacterial: tetanus |
| Viral: human immunodeficiency virus infection |
| Neoplasia |
| Brain tumours: especially of posterior fossa |
| Paraneoplastic, to include adenocarcinomas of lung and pancreas |
| Surgery |
| Splanchnic sympathectomy |
| Trauma |
| Spinal cord transection |
| Drugs |
| Direct effect |
| Sympatholytic drugs: guanethidine |
| Neuropathy |
| Alcohol, vincristine, cisplatin |
| Neurally mediated syncope* |
| Vasovagal syncope |
| Carotid sinus hypersensitivity |
| Micturition syncope |
| Cough syncope |
| Swallow syncope |
| Associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia |
Adapted from Mathias4. *For mechanisms see text.