Cholinomimetic drugs in clinical development for Alzheimer’s disease including European registrations
| Phase | Drug name | Company | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | Cognex (tacrine) | Parke-Davis | AChE inhibitor |
| Registered | Aricept (donepezil) | Eisai Inc/Pfizer Inc | AChE inhibitor |
| Registered | Exelon (rivastigmine) | Novartis Inc | AChE inhibitor |
| Awaiting approval | Metrifonate | Bayer AG | AChE inhibitor |
| Awaiting approval | Synapton (physostigmine) | Forest Laboratories Inc | AChE inhibitor |
| 3 | SB-202026 | SmithKline Beecham plc | M1 agonist |
| 3 | Amridin | Nikken Chemicals Co Ltd | AChE inhibitor |
| 3 | Talsaclidine | Boehringer Ingelheim Corp | M1 agonist, nootropic agent |
| 3 | Galantamine | Janssen Ltd and Shire Ltd | AChE inhibitor |
| 3 | Montirelin | Gruchenthal GmbH | ACh release stimulator |
| 3 | FKS-508 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | ACh modulator |
| 3 | Nefiracetam | Daijchi Sciyaku Co Ltd | ACh receptor agonist |
| 3 | AF-1025B (cevimeline) | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | M1agonist |
| 3 | Eptastigmine | Mediolanum Farmaceutical SpA | AChE inhibitor |
| 3 | Milameline | Parke Davis and Co | M1 agonist |
| 2 | ABT-418 | Abbot Laboratories | nAChR agonist |
| 2 | KA-672 | Dr Wilmar Schwabe GmbH and Co | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | Huperzine | Mayo Foundation | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | P-11012 | Hoechst AG | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | P-11149 | Hoechst AG | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | SR-46559A | Sanofi Recherche SA | M1 agonist |
| 2 | T-588 | Toyama Chemical Co Ltd | ACh release stimulator |
| 2 | TAK-147 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | YM-796 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | M1 agonist, nootropic agent |
| 2 | Zifrosilone | Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | Methanesulfonyl chloride | University of Texas system | AChE inhibitor |
| 2 | S-9977 | Servier | AChE inhibitor |
| 1 | LU-25109 | H Lundbeck A/S | mAChR agonist |
| 1 | GTS-21 (DMXB-anabaseine) | University of Florida | Nicotinic agonist |
| 1 | NS-2330 | NeuroSearch A/S | AChR agonist |
ACh=acetylcholine; AChR=acetylcholine receptor; AChE=acetylcholinesterase; nAChR=nicotonic cholinergic receptor; M=muscarinic receptor.[118]