Table 4

Distribution of previous head or face trauma with loss of consciousness, female sex, and age at blepharospasm onset among patients with focal blepharospasm, spread at one body part, and spread at two body parts

VariablesPatients with focal blepharospasm (n=104)Patients with spread at one body part (n=42)Patients with spread at two body parts (n=13)
Head or face trauma with loss of consiousness 3 (3%) 5 (12%) 3 (23%)
Female sex71 (68%)36 (86%)12 (92%)
Age at blepharospasm onset (mean (SD))53 (9)57 (14)64 (3)
  • χ2 (2×3): Head or face trauma with loss of consiousness, p=0.009; Female sex, p=0.09.

  • One way ANOVA: age at blepharospasm onset,F=7.7, p < 0.0001; Newman-Keuls post hoc test: each group different from the others, p<0.05.