Achievement and the CSF shunt in 57 patients with spina bifida (mean age 30)
| Achievers n=28 (%) | Non-achievers n=29 | |
|---|---|---|
| No shunt (n=9) | 8 (89) | 1 |
| Shunt no revisions (n=16) | 11 (69) | 5 |
| Shunt revised in infancy only (n=10) | 5 (50) | 5 |
| Shunt revised after age 2 (n=22) | 4 (18) | 18 |
χ2 for trend p<0.001.