Neuropsychological measures by cognitive domain
| Cognitive domain | Description and key variable measured |
| Mental status: | |
| Mini mental state exam (MMSE)19 | Orientation and mental status; total score |
| Verbal learning and memory: | |
| California verbal learning test (CVLT)25 | New learning and recall of a list of 16 categorised words; total 1–5 (sum of words recalled on five free recall trials); long delay (number of words recalled after a 20-minute filled delay) |
| Language: | |
| Boston naming test (BNT)26 | Confrontational naming; total (number of drawings named correctly or with the aid of semantic cueing) |
| Verbal fluency test (COWAT)27 | Phonemic fluency; total (words generated in 60 seconds for each of three letters) |
| Visuospatial ability: | |
| Hooper visual organisation (Hooper)28 | Visuospatial organisation; total (number of pictures identified) |
| Information processing speed: | |
| Trail making test part A (trailsA)29 | Speed and accuracy of visuospatial tracking; total time to completion (seconds) |
| Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)30 | Oral rate of information processing in a visual task; total (number of symbols transcribed in 90 seconds) |
| Executive functioning: | |
| Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST)31 | Generating hypotheses and abstract concepts, shifting mental sets, and utilising feedback; categories (number of categories achieved), perseverative errors (persistence in responding to an incorrect concept), and total error (number of perseverative and non-perseverative errors) |
| Stroop colour word test (Stroop)32 | Mental flexibility and the ability to suppress a preferred response in favour of a competing novel response; interference (index of the ability to resist interference from competing stimuli) |
| Trail making test part B (trailsB)29 | Mental flexibility and visuospatial tracking; total time to completion (seconds) |
| Affective functioning: | |
| Beck depression inventory (BDI)33 | Depressive symptoms; total score |