Table 2

Frequency of behavioural symptoms in apathetic (FTD-A) and disinhibited (FTD-D) forms of FTD and semantic dementia

		Frequency (%)		Overall χ²		Individual group comparisons (Fisher's exact test)
		FTD-A	FTD-D	Overall χ²		SD	FTD-A v FTD-D p Value	FTD-D v SD p Value	FTD-A v SD p Value
Affect:
Loss of basic emotions	100	83	60	6.1	NS	NS	0.03
Exaggerated emotional display	33	39	55	1.1
Irritability	50	61	82	2.6
Aggression	25	61	64	4.7	0.06	NS	0.07
Loss of emotional insight	75	78	9	15.2	NS	0.000	0.002
Loss of embarrassment	92	89	73	3.5
Selfishness	83	89	91	0.3
Social and personal behaviour:
Disinhibition	58	61	36	1.6
Social avoidance	50	17	18	4.6	0.06	NS	NS
Seeks out social contact	17	28	72	8.8	NS	0.02	0.01
Neglect of hygiene	92	83	64	3.0
General loss of interest	91	89	18	19.4	NS	0.000	0.001
Sensory behaviours:
Loss of awareness of pain	45	39	27	0.8
Exaggerated reaction to pain	0	33	55	8.5	0.03	NS	0.005
Exaggerated heat/cold response	0	11	45	9.2	NS	0.05	0.01
Eating and oral behaviours:
Overeats/gluttony	83	61	36	5.3	NS	NS	0.03
Crams food	50	50	9	5.7	NS	0.03	0.04
Less selective/indiscriminate	55	41	9	5.3	NS	0.08	0.03
Eats continually if food present	50	41	27	1.3
Seeks out food	17	44	18	3.6
Preference for sweet foods	25	56	36	2.9
Preference for savoury foods	0	0	9	2.8
More selective/food fads	8	22	55	6.6	NS	0.09	0.02
Oral exploration of objects	0	22	18	3.0
Repetitive behaviours, compulsions, and rituals:
Behavioural stereotypies
Simple motor stereotypies	75	44	55	2.7
Complex routines	8	39	55	5.8	0.07	NS	0.02
Verbal stereotypies	25	67	73	6.8	0.06	NS	0.03
Repetitive themes	33	28	91	12.1	NS	0.001	0.007
Wandering	83	56	18	9.8	NS	0.05	0.003
Pacing	58	61	36	1.8
Paces fixed route	33	33	0	4.8	NS	0.04	0.06
Environmentally dependent behaviours:
Aligns objects	50	28	18	2.9
Hoards objects	42	67	64	2.0
Touches or handles objects	33	44	45	0.5
Counts objects	8	17	9	0.6
Reads notices aloud	25	33	55	1.5
Copies speech (echolalia)	33	33	18	0.9
Imitates actions (echopraxia)	0	9	18	3.3
Compulsive behaviours:
Clockwatching	8	39	82	12.9	0.07	0.03	0.001
Adherence to daily routine	8	17	73	14.0	NS	0.004	0.002
Does tasks same way	25	28	45	1.3
Completes tasks in same order	8	22	36	2.6
Arranges belongings in same way	8	6	55	11.8	NS	0.006	0.02
Performs tasks again and again	17	17	55	5.9	NS	0.04	0.07
Upset if routine disrupted	17	33	45	2.2
Excessive worrying	17	11	64	10.5	NS	0.005	0.0
Needs to do things immediately	36	44	64	1.8
Preoccupied checking locks etc	17	22	9	0.8
Checks and rechecks what done	8	17	27	1.5
Excessive attention to detail	8	22	36	2.6
Overconcern with cleanliness	8	0	18	3.4
Superstitious rituals	22	17	9	0.8
Cognitively mediated behaviours:
Fails to recognise objects	17	17	55	5.9	NS	0.05	0.07
Uses wrong words	36	17	91	15.6	NS	0.000	0.01
Mutism	42	11	0	7.8	0.07	NS	0.02

FTD-A=Apathetic presentation of FTD; FTD-D=disinhibited presentation of FTD; SD=semantic dementia. Prevalence figures greater than 50% are printed in bold.