Neuropsychological test results for the mild cognitive impairment group
| Reference No | N | Mean (SD) | Normative* mean (SD) | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRS, Mattis dementia rating scale; CERAD, consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease; CVLT, California verbal learning test; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; NA, not applicable; WAIS-R, Wechsler adult intelligence scale, revised; WCST, Wisconsin card sorting test, modified; WISC-R, Wechsler intelligence scale for children, revised; WMS-R, Wechsler memory scale, revised. | |||||
| “Maximum” indicates the highest possible score on a test. | |||||
| *Normative means and SDs listed are from large published cohorts (n=51–101) of comparably aged ADRC normal participants,42,43 except for the CERAD word list where normative elderly data are cited from Welsh et al.44 | |||||
| †Category fluency score is the total number of correct words provided in 60 seconds for each category. Letter fluency is the total number of f, a, s words provided over 60 seconds for each letter. | |||||
| Global | |||||
| MMSE | 29 | 14 | 27.0 (1.7) | 29.3 (1.0) | 30 |
| DRS total | 30 | 13 | 131.8 (7.4) | 140.8 (2.9) | 144 |
| DRS subscales | 30 | ||||
| Attention | 13 | 35.9 (0.6) | 36.4 (0.9) | 37 | |
| Construction | 13 | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.7) | 6 | |
| Conceptualisation | 13 | 37.5 (1.3) | 38.1 (1.1) | 39 | |
| Initiation/perseveration | 13 | 32.2 (4.2) | 36.3 (1.6) | 37 | |
| Memory | 13 | 20.7 (4.2) | 24.4 (1.0) | 25 | |
| Verbal memory | |||||
| CVLT list A, trials 1–5 (raw) | 31 | 14 | 32.4 (9.9) | 53.3 (8.3) | 80 |
| CVLT long delay free recall | 31 | 14 | 3.6 (2.8) | 11.6 (2.7) | 16 |
| CVLT long delay cued recall | 31 | 14 | 4.8 (2.8) | 12.2 (2.5) | 16 |
| CVLT short delay free recall | 31 | 14 | 3.4 (2.5) | 11.0 (2.8) | 16 |
| CVLT short delay cued recall | 31 | 14 | 5.6 (2.9) | 11.5 (3.1) | 16 |
| CVLT discrimination (%) | 31 | 14 | 74.8 (13.6) | 94.4 (5.3) | 100 |
| CERAD immediate memory (trial 3) | 32 | 10 | 6.7 (1.3) | 7.9 (1.6) | 10 |
| CERAD delayed recall | 10 | 3.9 (2.7) | 6.8 (1.9) | 10 | |
| Non-verbal memory | |||||
| WMS-R visual reproduction I | 33 | 13 | 10.3 (3.8) | 12.0 (4.1) | 21 |
| WMS-R visual reproduction II | 13 | 5.5 ( 4.4) | 8.9 (4.1) | 21 | |
| Language | |||||
| Vocabulary (WAIS-R), scaled | 34 | 13 | 11.4 (3.1) | 12.2 (2.8) | 19 |
| Boston naming test | 35 | 13 | 26.0 (3.0) | 27.5 (2.3) | 30 |
| Category fluency† (animals, fruits, vegetables) | 36 | 12 | 34.8 (9.0) | 46.8 (8.8) | NA |
| Letter fluency† (f, a, s words) | 37 | 13 | 34.1 (11.8) | 40.8 (12.1) | NA |
| Visuospatial | |||||
| Cube copy | 38 | 12 | 11.2 (2.2) | 12.0 (1.2) | 13 |
| WISC-R block design | 39 | 13 | 36.0 (11.9) | 41.8 (10.4) | 62 |
| Executive function | |||||
| WCST, categories achieved | 40 | 13 | 4.8 (1.6) | 5.3 (1.3) | 6 |
| WCST, preservation errors | 40 | 13 | 1.2 (2.5) | 2.0 (5.1) | NA |
| Trails B (seconds) | 41 | 13 | 147.4 (56.0) | 103.1 (47.5) | 300 |
| Attention | |||||
| Digit span (WAIS-R, scaled score) | 34 | 13 | 9.2 (2.0) | 10.0 (2.7) | 19 |
| Trails A (seconds) | 41 | 13 | 58.6 (22.8) | 48.5 (20.8) | 150 |