CT evidence of orbital haemorrhage or bone fracture (not involving the optic canal) |
No | 14 | 5 (36) | 1 | |
Yes | 21 | 15 (71) | 2.00 | (0.94 to 4.25) |
CT or MRI evidence of bood within posterior ethmoidal cells |
No | 21 | 8 (38) |
1
| |
Yes | 14 | 12 (86) |
2.25
| (1.25 to 4.04) |
Immediate amaurosis after trauma |
No | 7 | 1 (14) | 1 | |
Yes | 28 | 19 (68) | 4.75 | (0.76 to 29.6) |
Evidence of ocular trauma (not involving the macula) |
No | 26 | 16 (58) | 1 | |
Yes | 9 | 5 (56) | 0.96 | (0.49 to 1.88) |
Age |
⩽40 years | 24 | 11 (46) |
1
| |
>40 years | 11 | 9 (82) |
1.79
| (1.07 to 2.99) |
Severe lesions of thorax, shoulders, upper arms, or neck |
No | 30 | 17 (57) | 1 | |
Yes | 5 | 3 (60) | 1.06 | (0.48 to 2.31) |
Evidence of cerebral lesions on imaging |
No | 24 | 13 (54) | 1 | |
Yes | 11 | 7 (64) | 1.17 | (0.66 to 2.10) |
Loss of consciousness |
No | 19 | 7 (37) |
1
| |
Yes | 16 | 13 (81) |
2.21
| (1.17 to 4.16) |
History of vascular diseases, mitochondriopathy or migraine |
No | 34 | 19 (56) | – | – |
Yes | 1 | 1 (100) | | |
Bilaterality |
No | 33 | – | | – |
Yes | 2 | | p>0.5* | |
Recovery 48 hours after start of steroid treatment |
No | 23 | 20 (87) | | |
Yes | 12 | 0 | p<0.01* | |
Ophthalmoplegia associated |
No | 30 | 18 (60) | 1 | |
Yes | 5 | 2 (40) | 0.67 | (0.22 to 2.03) |
Visual field defect on confrontation test |
⩽50% | 14 | 5 (36) | 1 | |
>50% | 21 | 15 (71) | 2.00 | (0.94 to 4.25) |