Impairments and activity restrictions of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and orthopaedic controls (OC)
| Group | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD | OC | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | t | df | Effect size (d) | p | |
| AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Depression scale, Center of Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale; SD, standard deviation; df, degrees of freedom; t, independent t test. | ||||||||||
| Achievement Measure System (T-scores) | ||||||||||
| Vocabulary | 45.7 | 9.9 | 29 | 49.3 | 10.8 | 18 | −1.18 | 45 | −0.35 | 0.24 |
| Abstract reasoning | 49.7 | 9.9 | 29 | 52.8 | 9.1 | 18 | −1.11 | 45 | −0.32 | 0.28 |
| Verbal competence | 51.6 | 8.8 | 28 | 57.7 | 10.0 | 18 | −2.17 | 44 | −0.66 | 0.04 |
| Word fluency | 61.5 | 10.7 | 30 | 56.9 | 10.2 | 29 | 1.67 | 57 | 0.44 | 0.10 |
| Spatial thinking | 48.3 | 9.9 | 29 | 55.7 | 7.4 | 18 | −2.71 | 45 | −0.82 | 0.01 |
| Visual interference | 49.3 | 7.8 | 30 | 58.0 | 6.3 | 24 | −4.43 | 52 | −1.21 | 0.001 |
| Word recognition | 43.3 | 11.2 | 29 | 53.1 | 10.1 | 18 | −3.03 | 45 | −0.91 | 0.01 |
| Modified Card Sorting Test | ||||||||||
| Perseverative errors (%) | 25.1 | 15.5 | 31 | 15.4 | 18.4 | 28 | 2.18 | 57 | 0.57 | 0.03 |
| AVLT (total score) | 43.2 | 8.9 | 30 | 48.5 | 8.1 | 27 | −2.34 | 55 | −0.62 | 0.02 |
| Depression scale | 19.7 | 7.6 | 30 | 12.9 | 8.5 | 25 | 3.14 | 53 | 0.89 | 0.01 |
| Webster Rating Scale | 9.1 | 4.3 | 32 | |||||||
| Hoehn and Yahr staging | 2.6 | 0.8 | 28 | |||||||