Demographic and clinical description of the subjects (mean (SD))
| Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients (n = 40) | Control subjects (n = 17) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Left onset (n = 18) | Right onset (n = 22) | ||
| *One way ANOVA: F[2;54] = 3.966, p = 0.025. | |||
| †Left onset PD significantly different from controls (p = 0.002). | |||
| Age | 66.7 (9.1) | 62.7 (9.0) | 63.8 (10.1) |
| Education (years)* | 12.2 (3.1) | 12.3 (2.5) | 14.5 (2.3) |
| Sex | 13 M; 5 F | 15 M; 7 F | 8 M; 9 F |
| Mini-Mental State Exam | 27.7 (2.1) | 28.4 (1.2) | 28.9 (0.9) |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 14.2 (7.3)† | 9.4 (7.1) | 5.8 (5.1) |
| Stage (Hoehn & Yahr) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.8) | |
| Severity of motor symptoms | |||
| Tremor | 2.28 (1.9) | 1.23 (2.2) | |
| Rigidity | 4.55 (4.1) | 3.23 (3.6) | |
| Bradykinesia | 1.44 (0.8) | 1.02 (1.0) | |
| Total severity score | 19.1 (11.7) | 16.0 (15.4) | |
| Duration of illness (years) | 3.7 (2.9) | 4.1 (4.1) | |
| Medication (number of patients) | |||
| Unmedicated | 3 | 3 | |
| L-dopa | 10 | 13 | |
| Dopamine agonists | 2 | 5 | |
| MAO inhibitors | 7 | 7 | |
| Anticholinergic | 3 | 2 | |