Table 4

Diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS)

Definite PNS
1. A classical syndrome and cancer that develops within five years of the diagnosis of the neurological disorder.
2. A non-classical syndrome that resolves or significantly improves after cancer treatment without concomitant immunotherapy, provided that the syndrome is not susceptible to spontaneous remission.
3. A non-classical syndrome with onconeural antibodies (well characterised or not) and cancer that develops within five years of the diagnosis of the neurological disorder.
4. A neurological syndrome (classical or not) with well characterised onconeural antibodies (anti-Hu, Yo, CV2, Ri, Ma2, or amphiphysin), and no cancer.

Possible PNS
1. A classical syndrome, no onconeural antibodies, no cancer but at high risk to have an underlying tumour.
2. A neurological syndrome (classical or not) with partially characterised onconeural antibodies and no cancer.
3. A non-classical syndrome, no onconeural antibodies, and cancer present within two years of diagnosis.