Behaviour ratings of subjects with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) versus caregivers across 17 domains in comparison with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and control samples. Differences between subjects’ and caregivers’ scores are in parentheses, with positive values indicating that subjects rated themselves with comparatively more capability in the behaviours domain than their caregivers
| Frontotemporal dementia | Comparison groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | Social–behavioural | APHASIC (PNFA and SD) | PNFA | SD | AD | Controls | |
| Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | Self–Caregiver | |
| *p<0.05. | |||||||
| PNFA, progressive non-fluent aphasia; SD, senile dementia. | |||||||
| Brock scale | |||||||
| Impulsivity | 71.7–67.4 (4.3) | 68.8–55 (13.8) | 73.8–76.4 (−2.6) | 74.5–90 (−15.5) | 73.3–65 (8.3) | 80–77 (3) | 77.8–78.9 (−1.1) |
| Aggression | 86.9–81.4 (5.5) | 79–74 (5) | 92.7–86.8 (5.9) | 92–90 (2) | 93.3–84.2 (9.1) | 87–93 (−6) | 90.5–89.4 (1.1) |
| Self-monitoring | 66.8–48.2 (18.6)* | 64.5–40.7 (23.8)* | 68.5–53.6 (14.9) | 66.8–58 (8.8) | 70–50 (20)* | 70–67 (3) | 76.1–76.1 (0) |
| Empathy | 77.9–56.8 (21.1)* | 78.1–40.5 (37.6)* | 77.7–68.6 (9.1) | 77.5–67 (10.5) | 77.8–69.9 (7.9) | 93.3–91.1 (2.2) | 84.4–77.9 (6.5) |
| Emotionality | 76.4–75.8 (0.6) | 71.9–70 (1.9) | 79.6–80 (−0.4) | 80–86 (−6) | 79.2–75 (4.2) | 90–80 (10) | 89.4–83.9 (5.5) |
| Attention | 68.4–48.9 (19.5)* | 70–42.5 (27.5)* | 67.2–53.6 (13.6) | 65.9–54 (11.9) | 68.3–53.3 (15) | 78.3–60 (18.3) | 79.4–81 (−1.6) |
| Memory | 74.7–57.8 (16.9) | 81.2–50.6 (30.6)* | 69.9–63 (6.9) | 71.8–64.5 (3.2) | 68.3–61.7 (6.6) | 80–50 (30)* | 81.1–85.3 (−4.2) |
| Arousal | 70.5–53.9 (16.6)* | 66.3–35.1 (31.2)* | 73.5–67.5 (6) | 71.8–64.5 (6.3) | 75–70 (5) | 86.7–73.3 (13.4) | 78.9–75.6 (3.3) |
| Planning | 75.2–53.6 (21.6)* | 73.7–38.7 (35)* | 76.3–64.5 (11.8) | 74–64 (10) | 78.3–65 (13.3) | 71.7–60 (11.7) | 89.4–85 (4.4) |
| Initiation | 71.2–59.6 (11.6) | 76.6–48.3 (28.3)* | 67.3–67.9 (−0.6) | 58.7–68 (−9.3) | 74.4–67.8 (6.6) | 82.2–62.2 (20) | 83.7–81.4 (2.3) |
| Flexibility | 70.6–44.9 (25.7) | 77.5–35 (42.5)* | 65.5–52.1 (13.4) | 66.7–53 (13.4) | 64.5–51.1 (13.4) | 77.8–68.9 (8.9) | 82.9–77.7 (5.2) |
| Excess caution | 62.4–52.6 (9.8) | 56.6–38.3 (18.3) | 66.7–63 (3.7) | 68–81.3 (−13.3) | 65.6–47.8 (17.8) | 84.4–51.1 (33.3) | 70.3–71.1 (−0.8) |
| Apathy scale | 81.1–57.1 (24)* | 82.5–41.4 (41.1)* | 80.1–68.6 (11.5)* | 77–68.9 (8.1)* | 82.6–68.3 (14.3)* | 87.9–67.6 (20.3)* | 77–82.7 (−5.7) |
| Empathy scale | |||||||
| Fantasy | 32.4–21.2 (11.2) | 28.9–20.4 (8.5) | 35–21.8 (13.2) | 31.4–25.7 (5.7) | 38–18.6 (19.4) | 26.7–20 (6.7) | 35.2–30.8 (4.4) |
| Perspective taking | 47.3–25.3 (22)* | 49–19.8 (29.2)* | 46.2–29.3 (16.9) | 46.3–33.6 (12.7) | 46.2–25.7 (20.5)* | 50.5–41.9 (8.6) | 46.4–43.8 (2.6) |
| Empathic concern | 43.5–34.7 (8.8) | 41.6–33.8 (7.8) | 44.9–35.3 (9.6)* | 45.1–37.2 (7.9) | 44.8–33.8 (11)* | 35.2–47.6 (−12.4) | 42.2–46.1 (−3.9) |
| Personal distress | 39.6–25.9 (13.7)* | 35.1–23.5 (11.6) | 42.9–27.7 (15.2) | 40.6–27.2 (13.4) | 44.8–28.1 (16.7) | 21.9–30.5 (−8.6) | 36.8–35.2 (1.6) |
| No of discrepant domains | 8 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | – |