Motor functions
| | | | | | | | |
BFMDRS—motor score (15)† | 33.8 (16.7) | 13.7 (10.7) | <0.001 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
BFMDRS—disability score (15)† | 9.9 (3.8) | 3.5 (2.5) | <0.001 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Quality of life
| | | | | | | | |
PDQ 39 (13)† | 66.3 (27.1) | 41.6 (26.7) | 0.002 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Neuropsychiatric status
| | | | | | | | |
Beck Depression Inventory (15)† | 13.6 (9.5) | 9.4 (11.3) | 0.06 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 0 |
Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (15)† | 13.1 (9.6) | 7.7 (7.7) | 0.01 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Beck Anxiety Inventory (10)† | 15.0 (12.8) | 10.9 (12.3) | 0.20 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (10)† | 1.6 (1.1) | 0.5 (0.7) | 0.04‡ | 1 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (9)† | 27.7 (11.4) | 19.4 (8.5) | 0.09 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (9)† | 1.2 (1.6) | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.02‡ | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Cognition
| | | | | | | | |
Global cognition | | | | | | | | |
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale Total (of 144) (15) | 136.9 (8.3) | 140.3 (4.7) | 0.11 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 0 |
Attention (15) | 36.3 (1.1) | 36.6 (0.9) | 0.10 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
Initiation (15) | 32.9 (6.1) | 35.1 (3.8) | 0.17 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 0 |
Construction (15) | 6.0 (0.0) | 6.0 (0.0) | – | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Conceptualisation (15) | 38.7 (0.7) | 38.5 (1.1) | 0.38 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
Memory (15) | 23.7 (1.7) | 24.3 (0.9) | 0.19 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
Alertness | | | | | | | | |
Tonic alertness | Simple reaction times (ms) (13)† | 303.4 (75.6) | 323.6 (91.7) | 0.43 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
Phasic alertness | Precued reaction time (ms) (13)† | 299.3 (74.3) | 301.4 (107.5) | 0.95 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 1 |
| Gain of time (ms) (13)† | 4.1 (37.6) | 22.2 (49.4) | 0.18 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
Attention and executive functions | | | | | | | | |
Stroop Test | | | | | | | | |
Words | Time (s) (10)† | 39.1 (11.0) | 35.2 (6.8) | 0.09 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| False responses (10)† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Color | Time (s) (10)† | 58.0 (17.4) | 55.1 (12.6) | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| False responses (10)† | 0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.34 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
Interference | Time (s) (10)† | 123.4 (84.6) | 155.9 (201.7) | 0.46 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| False responses (10)† | 2.4 (5.3) | 1.5 (3.4) | 0.22 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Phonemic Verbal Fluency (F,A,S) (14) | 30.4 (14.2) | 30.9 (11.6) | 0.81 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0 |
Category Verbal Fluency (animals, supermarket, furniture) (14) | 45.8 (15.1) | 48.5 (12.7) | 0.33 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Trail Making Test | | | | | | | | |
Part A | Time (s) (15)† | 47.8 (18.0) | 38.5 (14.7) | 0.04 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
| Errors (15)† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Part B | Time (s) (15)† | 101.5 (37.1) | 83.7 (46.6) | 0.22 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
| Errors (15)† | 0.7 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.8) | 0.31 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 1 |
B–A | Time (s) (15) | 55.7 (30.4) | 45.2 (40.5) | 0.48 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
Learning and memory | | | | | | | | |
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test | | | | | | | | |
Recall A list, 1. trial (no. of words of 15) (15) | 5.2 (2.5) | 5.6 (1.5) | 0.56 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 0 |
Recall A list, 1.–5. trial (no. of words of 75) (15) | 44.3 (11.5) | 46.7 (10.6) | 0.23 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Recall B list (of 15) (15) | 5.3 (2.1) | 6.0 (2.2) | 0.25 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 0 |
2. Recall A list, (of 15) (12) | 9.2 (3.8) | 9.6 (3.5) | 0.62 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
Delayed recall A list (of 15) (11) | 8.2 (4.1) | 9.0 (3.2) | 0.46 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 0 |
Delayed recognition A list (of 15) (13) | 14.4 (1.0) | 14.2 (1.2) | 0.61 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
Digit span | | | | | | | | |
Total score (15) | 11.9 (2.6) | 12.1 (3.3) | 0.74 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
Forward (15) | 6.6 (1.6) | 6.7 (1.9) | 0.74 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 0 |
Backward (15) | 5.3 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.9) | 1.00 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 |