Table 3

Outcome measures of the LTIT in Alzheimer’s disease (n = 33) and normal controls (n = 137), compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test

	AD	Normal	Crude p value	Adjusted p values
	AD	Normal	Crude p value	Age	NVA	FVA	CS	Famil	Sex	ALL*
Values are mean (SD).
*Adjustment for all covariates together.
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CS, contrast sensitivity; Famil, familiarity; FVA, far visual acuity; LTIT, landmark and traffic sign identification task; NVA, near visual acuity.
Landmark identification (%)
All	28.9 (15.5)	45.4 (15.7)	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0030	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0320
High saliency only	44.9 (22.6)	67.9 (20.0)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0011	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0071

Traffic sign identification (%)
All	44.4 (22.9)	72.0 (17.1)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
High saliency only	53.8 (26.2)	83.9 (17.2)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

Total LTIT identification (%)
All	37.4 (13.1)	60.0 (13.2)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
High saliency only	50.8 (18.6)	78.5 (14.7)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

At-fault safety errors
During LTIT	1.8 (1.6)	0.4 (0.8)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Baseline	5.6 (5.1)	1.7 (2.1)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001