Baseline characteristics of patients
| Variable | NDT treatment (n = 223) | Non-NDT treatment (n = 101) |
|---|---|---|
| Values are n (%), mean (SD), or median (interquartile range). | ||
| AbMMSE, abbreviated mini-mental state examination 0–12 (low score = low level of cognitive function)21; CES-D, Center of Epidemiological Studies depression scale (score >16 = depression)22; GCS, Glasgow coma scale23; MBI, modified Barthel index scale 0–20 (low score = low level of physical function)24; MRS, modified Rankin scale 0–6 (l0 = no handicap)20; NDT, neurodevelopmental treatment. | ||
| Stroke onset to admission (d) | 0.32 (1.1) | 0.59 (2.4) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Female (%) | 101 (45%) | 50 (50%) |
| Age (years) | 68 (13) | 72 (11) |
| Living alone | 75 (34%) | 53 (53%) |
| Education | ||
| ⩽6 years | 84 (38%) | 33 (33%) |
| 6–12 years | 102 (46%) | 55 (55%) |
| >12 years | 36 (16%) | 12 (16%) |
| History | ||
| Stroke | 47 (21%) | 16 (16%) |
| Angina pectoris | 38 (17%) | 22 (22%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 21 (9%) | 14 (14%) |
| Hypertension | 85 (38%) | 38 (38%) |
| Qualifying stroke | ||
| Cerebral infarction | 202 (91%) | 91(90%) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | 21 (9%) | 9 (9%) |
| Motor function disorder | ||
| Can walk unassisted | 6 (3%) | 7 (8%) |
| Left arm paresis | 132 (59%) | 53 (54%) |
| Left leg paresis | 130 (58%) | 57 (57%) |
| Right arm paresis | 91 (41%) | 44 (44%) |
| Right leg paresis | 89 (40%) | 41 (41%) |
| Sensory function disorder | ||
| Left arm | 66 (30%) | 27 (27%) |
| Left leg | 58 (26%) | 25 (25%) |
| Right arm | 34 (15%) | 24 (24%) |
| Right leg | 32 (14%) | 19 (19%) |
| Language function | ||
| Motor aphasia | 30 (14%) | 11 (11%) |
| Sensory aphasia | 6 (3%) | 2 (2%) |
| Combined aphasia | 10 (5%) | 5 (5%) |
| Hemianopia | 64 (29%) | 12 (12%) |
| Apraxia | 30 (14%) | 12 (12%) |
| Neglect | 73 (33%) | 10 (10%) |
| Trunk ataxia | ||
| Severe | 59 (27%) | 10 (10%) |
| Moderate | 74 (33%) | 33 (33%) |
| None | 90 (40%) | 58 (57%) |
| Health status | ||
| GCS | 14 (14 to 14) | 14 (14 to 14) |
| MRS | 4 (4 to 5) | 4 (4 to 5) |
| MBI | 6 (3 to 10) | 7 (4 to 10) |
| AbMMSE | 10 (8 to 11) | 9 (8 to 11) |
| CES-D | 17 (14 to 20) | 16 (13 to 20) |