Table 3

Comparison of strata of baseline DWMH and PVWMH with change in cognitive functioning, and of change in total DWMH and PVWMH volumes with change in cognitive functioning.

	Memory				Cognitive speed
	PWLT_imm (words)	p	PWLT_del (words)	p	LDCT (digits/min)	p	Stroop (seconds)	p
Data are presented as means (SE) and overall p-values are reported. Significant contrasts between low, medium, and high WMH severity groups are indicated by ^alow–intermediate, ^blow–high and intermediate–high. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, education, treatment group and test version when applicable. WMH; white matter hyperintensities. PWLTimm; immediate picture-word learning. PWLTdel; delayed picture word learning. LDCT; Letter Digit Coding Test. Stroop; 40 item Stroop test.
Baseline WMH (ml)
DWMH
Low	−0.03 (0.11)		−0.28 (0.16)		−1.42 (0.26)		0.57 (0.98)
Intermediate	0.03 (0.16)		−0.08 (0.22)		−1.17 (0.37)		2.12 (1.36)
High	0.09 (0.16)	0.84	0.08 (0.23)	0.43	−1.44 (0.37)	0.83	0.68 (1.43)		0.63
PVWMH
Low	0.09 (0.14)		−0.10 (0.19)		−1.09 (0.31)		−1.74 (1.17)
Intermediate	0.02 (0.13)		−0.18 (0.19)		−1.42 (0.31)		3.36 (1.13)
High	−0.09 (0.15)	0.70	−0.13 (0.21)	0.96	−1.63 (0.35)	0.50	1.26 (1.30)		0.0075^a
Change in WMH (ml)
DWMH
Low	0.16 (0.12)		0.10 (0.18)		−1.50 (0.29)		0.11 (1.09)
Intermediate	−0.07 (0.14)		−0.32 (0.19)		−0.91 (0.32)		0.42 (1.21)
High	−0.06 (0.16)	0.37	−0.14 (0.22)	0.26	−1.69 (0.37)	0.22	2.92 (1.39)		0.25
PVWMH
Low	0.12 (0.12)		0.16 (0.17)		−0.98 (0.28)		−1.26 (1.07)
Intermediate	0.06 (0.16)		−0.20 (0.23)		−1.63 (0.38)		2.26 (1.41)
High	−0.12 (0.14)	0.39	−0.37 (0.19)	0.12	−1.66 (0.32)	0.20	2.85 (1.22)		0.024^a,b