Major congenital malformation rate for monotherapy exposure to carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine by dose
| AED | Maximum daily dose (mg) | Total informative exposures (n) | MCMs (n) | MCM rate, % (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AED, antiepileptic drug; CI, confidence interval; MCM, major congenital malformation. | ||||||||
| Carbamazepine | <400 | 401 | 7 | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.6) | ||||
| 400 to 1000 | 385 | 10 | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.7) | |||||
| >1000 | 92 | 3 | 3.3 (1.1 to 9.2) | |||||
| Valproate | <600 | 266 | 11 | 4.1 (2.3 to 7.3) | ||||
| 600 to 1000 | 247 | 15 | 6.1 (3.7 to 9.8) | |||||
| >1000 | 186 | 17 | 9.1 (5.8 to 14.1) | |||||
| Lamotrigine | <100 | 151 | 2 | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.7) | ||||
| 100 to 200 | 208 | 4 | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.8) | |||||
| >200 | 279 | 15 | 5.4 (3.3 to 8.7) | |||||