Table 5

 Cognitive and emotional findings at 5–7 year follow up in participants who made a good recovery at one year

Sustained good recovery at 5–7 yearsGood recovery at one year worsening to Disabled at 5–7 yearsp Value
nMeanSDRangenMeanSDRange
*Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; †Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; ‡Perceived Stress Scale; §Alcohol Use Disorder Test; ¶Drug Abuse Screening Test; **Coughlan Battery; ††Hayling Test; ‡‡Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test. Greater impairment is associated with higher scores for* to ¶ and lower scores for ** to ‡‡).
Depression*412.92.80 to 9138.94.03 to 16<0.001
Anxiety*416.44.60 to 161311.93.56 to 17<0.001
Self-esteem†431.71.90 to 8135.01.92 to 8<0.001
Perceived stress‡4121.78.77 to 441333.86.823 to 43<0.001
Alcohol§5110.57.40 to 361719.613.50 to 400.001
Drugs¶440.20.70 to 3141.82.50 to 8N/A
Memory**: delayed recall3815.613.00 to 481016.810.40 to 340.781
List learning**3745.013.60 to 741042.713.525 to 650.637
Executive function††3616.43.88 to 221116.54.18 to 210.994
Speed of comprehension‡‡3660.718.020 to 1001153.420.917 to 810.257
Overall cognitive score3536.327.63 to 951031.129.91 to 840.610