Table 2

Clinical features in fallers and non-fallers: percentage, χ²

	Parkinson’s disease			PSP			MSA
	Fallers	Non-fallers	p Value	Early fallers	Early non-fallers	p Value	Fallers	Non-fallers	p Value
NS, not significant.
Number	313	114		75	49		66	19
Gender (% female)	43.1	27.2	0.002	36	40.8	NS	59	36.8	NS
Early clinical features
Cognitive dysfunction	0	0	NS	70.7	28.6	<0.001	4.8	0	NS
Tremor	72.4	86.2	0.004	6.8	35.4	<0.001	42.2	42.1	NS
Axial rigidity	5.6	8.1	NS	54.7	32.5	0.024	16.7	5.9	NS
Limb rigidity	75	81.9	NS	63.9	61.4	NS	61.1	68.9	NS
Asymmetric onset	84.8	88.2	NS	34.8	83.1	<0.001	60.3	50	NS
Postural instability	8.7	1.9	0.017	91.9	41.9	<0.001	28.6	21.1	NS
Vertical gaze palsy	6.2	0	NS	54.9	11.5	<0.001
Abnormal saccades	12	0	NS	83.3	45.0	0.002
Speech disturbance	9.6	6.5	NS	66.7	41.7	0.006	19.3	38.9	NS
Dysphagia	0.7	2.9	NS	26.7	12.5	NS	4.9	17.6	NS
Pyramidal signs	3.3	0	NS	12.3	15.2	NS	17.4	16.7	NS
Dyskinesias	0.7	0.9	NS	0	0	NS	0	1.6	NS
Autonomic dysfunction	5.7	3.6	NS	1.4	2.0	NS	55.6	58.9	NS
Late clinical features
Cognitive dysfunction	71.7	49.5	<0.001				31.6	12.5	NS
Tremor	85.7	93.6	0.018				60.3	68.4	NS
Axial rigidity	30.1	22.3	NS				47.5	41.2	NS
Limb rigidity	98	98.2	NS				96.7	77.8	0.008
Postural instability	45.6	83.8	<0.001				94.7	88.2	NS
Speech disturbance	78.8	59	<0.001				98.4	82.4	0.007
Dysphagia	59.7	46.9	0.033				94.9	68.8	0.003
Dyskinesias	58.1	53.3	NS				22.2	22.2	NS
Autonomic dysfunction	46.9	21.5	<0.001				88.9	100	NS
Pyramidal signs	5.4	9.4	NS				66.7	33.3	0.018
Hallucinations	53.3	37.5	0.004				10.6	5.9	NS