Table 1 Summary of studies that have reported a standardised mortality ratio, comparing Parkinson’s disease patients with a general population

Reference/date	No of participants	Location	Study recruitment dates	Overall SMR
Hoehn17 1967	241*	USA	1949–64	2.9
Nobrega18 1969	203	USA	1935–66	1.6
Sweet19 1975	100†	USA	1968	1.9
Barbeau20 1976	80†	Canada	1968	2.4
Diamond1 1976	1087	USA	1968–69	1.0
Zumstein21 1976	1155†	NA	1969–71	1.0
Marttila22 1977	349†	Finland	1969–75	1.9
Joseph23 1978	1625†	USA	1969	1.3
Diamond,24 1979	327†	USA	1972	1.4
Rinne25 1980	349†	Finland	1969	1.6
Curtis26 1984	176†	UK	1969–72	2.6
Rajput27 1984	138/276‡	USA	1967–79	1.6
Cedarbaum28 1987	100†	USA	1968	1.9
Diamond29 1989	359	USA	1968–70	2.1
Ebmeier30 1990	243	UK	1984	2.3
Kuroda31 1992	438	Japan	1978	2.5
Ben-Shlomo 7 1995	220/421‡	UK	1970–72	2.6
Wermuth32 1995	458	Denmark	1973–91	1.9
Bennett33 1996	159	USA	1982–84	2.0
Morens34 1996	8006§	USA	1965	2.5
Tison12 1996	24/2768¶	France	1988	3.4
Louis35 1997	154/1254‡ **	USA	1988	2.7
Schrag6 1998	132††	UK	1981–98	2.1
Hely36 1999	149	Australia	1984–87	1.6
Berger13 2000	139/11694‡‡	Europe	1987–92	2.3
Donnan37 2000	97/902†	UK	1989–95	1.8
Morgante14 2000	59/118	Italy	1987	2.3
Guttman38 2001	15304/30608‡ §§	Canada	1993–94	2.5
Lees4 2001	782†	UK	1985–90	1.8
Montastruc39 2001	58†	France	1982–89	1.2
Parashos40 2002	89/89‡	USA	1979–88	2.2
Elbaz41 2003	196/185‡	USA	1976–95	1.6
Fall42 2003	170/510‡	Sweden	1989	1.6¶¶
Herlofson15 2004	245	Norway	1993	1.5***
Hughes43 2004	90/50‡	UK	1985–86	1.6
de Lau44 2005	166/6803‡‡	Netherlands	1990–93	1.8
Marras5 2005	800†	USA and Canada (DATATOP)	1987–88	1.0
D’Amelio16 2006	58/116‡	Italy	1987	1.8
Chen45 2006	288/51300§ ‡‡	USA	1986–2000	1.6

NA, not available; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
*672 patients with primary parkinsonism with a mean age of 55.3 years, but only 241 were used for mortality calculations.
†Data from a drug clinical trial.
‡Case control study number of cases/number of controls.
§Men only.
¶Population based cohort (n = 2792) with 16 deaths in patients with PD and 605 non-PD.
**Non-demented patients with PD compared with controls.
††132 of 139 young onset PD cases (onset aged 21–39 years) had mortality data.
‡‡Cohort study number of cases/total cohort.
§§This study used parkinsonism from records of physician diagnoses or PD drugs as the outcome of interest.
¶¶Cumulative mortality incidence ratio; Cox proportional hazards ratio was 2.4.
***SMR was 1.5 in all 245 identified PD cases, but the SMR was 1.35 in definite PD, 1.42 in definite and probable PD, and 1.99 in possible PD.